Seperation of Powers essays

Seperation of Powers articles The Judicial Branch in Regard to Separation of Powers The Doctrine of Separation of forces is that political force ought to be isolated among a few bodies as a safeguard against oppression. The perfect is restricted the outright power of the Crown, Parliament, or some other body. The outline for United States partition of forces is spread out in the U.S. Constitution and developed in the Federalist Papers. The governing rules of the US government include the level division of forces among the official (the Presidency), the lawmaking body (the two places of Congress themselves organized to check and equalization each other), and the legal executive (the administrative courts). There is additionally a vertical partition between the government and the states. Safeguards of partition of forces demand that it is required against oppression, including the oppression of the greater part. Its adversaries contend that sway must lie some place, and that it is better, and apparently progressively popularity based, to guarantee that it generally ex ists in a similar body. The United States needed to instate a legislature organized so that each branch was independent yet equivalent. We will see, in any case, that it isn't generally a highly contrasting course of action and that the legal branch has regularly wound up in the ill defined situation of sway. The hypothetical thinking behind the requirement for division of forces is spread out by Publius (Jefferson and Madison) principally in Federalist Papers # 49 51. In American talk division of forces is all the more a name than an exact depiction. In application, none of the three branches is truly isolated from the others. This was the contention that James Madison tended to in The Federalist, no 47. The Anti-Federalist charge was that The few offices are mixed in such a way as on the double to devastate all evenness and excellence of structure, and to uncover a portion of the basic pieces of the building to the threat o... <!

Plans for College and the Future :: College Admissions Essays

Plans for College and the Future What will I accomplish for an incredible remainder? Each individual poses this inquiry at some phase of their life, for the most part during their later high school years. As a secondary school junior, I am presently posing myself this inquiry. After significant idea, I have conceived a speculative arrangement for my future. I understand that a portion of these plans and objectives may change after some time, yet with an arrangement, the initial steps of the excursion can start. To set me up for the excursion, I have taken extremely testing secondary school educational plan, for example, Honors and Advanced Placement courses. These classes won't just aid my admission to school, however have additionally helped me to create solid investigation aptitudes and time the board. While going to school, it is my definitive objective to turn into a specialist, either a podiatrist, radiologist, or plastic specialist. I mean to gain my college degree at the University of Florida, studying science. At that point, I intend to go to clinical school at the University of Florida, also. In the wake of finishing a residency in my claim to fame, I might want to start a clinical practice some place in focal Florida. Important to my life in the wake of finishing my training is having a family. It is my fantasy to turn out to be joyfully hitched and have youngsters. Family has consistently been an extraordinary piece of my life, and I wish to be a caring spouse and parent. I am additionally anticipating bringing my kids up in the Catholic confidence. As a grown-up, I have various individual objectives. In particular, I might want to possess a home. Likewise, I might want to seek after my inclinations of water-sports by claiming a vessel and my long love of vehicles by possessing a games vehicle. Other individual interests that will influence my years after school are my adoration for the outside and the adventure of going to numerous new places all through the world. As an informed proficient in my locale, I might want to make a commitment to society and my locale. My experience in long periods of network administration has set me up for this and given me its worth.

Do Positive Affirmations Really Work (+110 Powerful Examples)

Do Positive Affirmations Really Work (+110 Powerful Examples) Do you remember that Friends episode in which Chandler’s stop-smoking tape has the part in which it says ‘I’m a strong, confident woman’? Obviously, the gender confusion is here for the sake of comedic plot, but such positive affirmations in real life can help us boost our self-confidence.How often do you tell yourself that you’re a strong, confident person? It might sound a bit metaphysical, but your life will look the way you feel and, more importantly, how you talk about yourself.Here it’s time to separate your and self. When you’re uttering positive affirmations, you’re approaching yourself from outside, i.e. as if you’re someone else.The purpose of this text is to discuss positive affirmations to great detail, by providing numerous examples, as well as different points of view regarding this topic.1. THE DEFINITION OF POSITIVE AFFIRMATIONSMany people are struggling with negative thoughts when they need to show their abilities at work, at home, or in any other s ocial context.What’s more, these self-depreciating attitudes about oneself don’t demand a social situation. Sometimes you’ll be thinking that you can’t do anything right, without even having to be exposed to the eye of the public.The main problem for people who perceive themselves in an unpleasant way is that this approach often prevents them from achieving more than they’re doing at that moment.Positive affirmations are a great tactic to make gradual, yet constant progress in turning yourself into a positive person who doesn’t sabotage themselves.You can start by uttering simple supportive sentences to your inner self, such as ‘You can do it!’ or ‘Come on, pull yourself together!’, or anything similar that will boost your self-confidence. Writing down several positive affirmations and repeating them daily is a great beginning of a life-changing process that should make you attract only positive things.At this initial stage, you can listen to Louise Hay’s affir mations and try to use them in order to change the way you think about yourself. Her approach to positive affirmations helped many people with their negative attitudes. If you’re new to the idea of positive affirmations, you might think that all this sounds nice, but there can be a grain of skepticism when it comes to their practical use. Although you have the right to have a different opinion, trying to give them a chance would already be a sign that you’re climbing the ladder of open-mindedness.People who deal with a lot of negativity in their mind are more likely to discard new ideas than positive people or those who approach new concepts in a neutral way.By putting aside that bitter cynic inside you, you’re already going to prepare a funnel that will let some of these refreshing ideas into your mind.Displaying a cynical attitude in the social context is one of the most widespread ways to express dissatisfaction either with your own life or the people around you.In other wo rds, bitterness is expressed in order to tell others that you’re unhappy. This emotional pain that negative people are coping with feeds both generates negative thinking and leeches on it.Many of us have been through some tragic events or traumatic experiences. If not treated on time, such things can change your mind for good. The more vulnerable and isolated you feel, the more negativity you’re producing. As a result, most of the things you do are marked with the I-can’t-do-this attitude.The study ‘Effects of exercise and self-affirmation intervention after traumatic brain injury’, which researched the effects of physical exercise and a self-affirmation intervention on the people who have suffered a brain injury, shows that this combination has improved their physical and mental state.Positive affirmations can help you build a firewall against such a way of thinking and eventually erase it from your head.You can go through some healing positive affirmations for people who have experienced an emotional trauma on the Healing-Affirmations website and soothe the pain you’re feeling.2. WHO NEEDS POSITIVE AFFIRMATIONSClaiming that only the people who have experienced an emotional trauma can benefit from positive affirmations is clearly an understatement.People from all social groups and generations sometimes need a bit of self-boost, in order to improve their everyday lives or practical work performance.Unlike some rooted opinions, even successful people don’t always observe the world in a positive way.For example, the CEOs of large companies are under a tremendous amount of stress. Every day they’re making decisions that affect the lives of millions of people. Further, they’re required to achieve certain business results in order to keep their business rolling.Because of that, successful people don’t linger on negativity and self-pity even when they feel them.What they do instead is focus on positive thoughts and the solutions for their problem s.The article ’10 Ways Successful Leaders Think Differently’ on Inc.com talks about the ways business leaders overcome difficulties. Among other things, they concentrate on the positive results of their efforts and teamwork to achieve their goals.As for teamwork, it’s also an efficient way to share both the stress and the responsibility and cope with them in a more convenient way. What’s more, in a well-organized team, people will support one another and heap praises when they achieve positive business results. Further, they’re here to comfort one another in case they don’t accomplish everything they planned. That’s why the family is the key team of every society and why companies organize their employees in teams.In the video below, you can listen to some affirmations for businesspeople and entrepreneurs that can help you alleviate the effects of stress and improve your decision-making process. Apart from business professionals, smart people often face some difficulti es untypical for every John and Jane Doe, as described in the article ’10 Problems Only Smart People Have (and How to Deal with Them Efficiently)’ on our blog.For instance, when you’re smart, you’re more likely to be well aware of all the things you don’t know.Knowing how much you still need to learn to reach perfection could have a negative effect in the way you think.This is even more obvious if you’re surrounded by people who don’t understand you. They could even think that you’re arrogant because you’re always trying to push the envelope and learn something new.A great example of such people are high school students, especially geeks and other similar kids who don’t fit into the frame proscribed by their peers.Apart from them, intelligent adult people can also experience some similarly uncomfortable situations at work or among their relatives.We’ve already mentioned the negative effects of emotional traumas. Divorced people make a large part of this group, especially women who stay alone with their children.All these people need positive affirmations, which is why many therapists pay special attention to their needs.In addition to being supported by professionals, these people will also appreciate the support and positive vibes from their close friends and relatives.By pointing to their positive personality traits and social skills, you’ll contribute to their own paradigm shift from negative thinking to positive affirmations.3. WHY WOULD AFFIRMATIONS WORK?Affirmations will work best when they’re conceptualized and structured.Of course, you can develop a more positive view of the world if you boost your confidence from time to time via affirmations.Nevertheless, this approach isn’t a system, but a set of randomly distributed affirmations. Sometimes they might work well, and on some other occasions, you’ll keep feeling in the same negative way.In order to make affirmations more efficient and beneficial for your life, it’s reco mmended that you create a system of affirmation distribution.Develop your system of affirmationsRoland Alexander, a Ph.D. in psychology, suggests that you start constructing this system by noting down the negative things you’ve heard about yourself from your family members and friends. At this point, it’s crucial not to judge the quality or validity of their remarks. The purpose of this process is to simply recognize the negative qualities noticed by several different people.According to Doctor Alexander, the next step is to write down a set of your positive qualities. Here you should be as honest to yourself as possible and include only those truly positive things about yourself. These will also be the first positive affirmations that you’re going to write and apply within this technique.What’s important to do next is to keep repeating the same set of affirmations three times a day. You can do it while you’re having a shower in the morning, during the lunch break or when you’re doing your evening walk. It’s also wise to write them down, so that you remember to utter all of them every time you’re doing your affirmation session.Doctor Alexander also suggests that you include a person who you trust into the affirmation process. This can be your partner, a friend or a coach. He or she will repeat your affirmations after you. That way, you’re not only going to work with your self, but you’ll be going through an external affirmation, as well. In case you don’t have such a person, talking to yourself in the mirror is a handy option.Also, you can learn more about these steps from Doctor Alexander’s article ‘5 Steps to Make Affirmations Work for You’ on Psychology Today.Changing the negative subconscious thoughtsAccording to the article ‘The Power of Affirmations’ regarding the functionality of affirmations on the Louise Hay websites, affirmations aren’t only autosuggestive techniques that have a current impact on our behavior and moo d. If applied regularly and properly, they’re the entrance to the subconscious part of your mind. We all have some deep-rooted beliefs about ourselves, the world around us, and our role in it. Most of them were formed when we were little children.Growing up and becoming an adult member of society requires filtering these attitudes and changing the ones that have a negative effect on our lives. The more innate negative thoughts and attitudes you replace with more positive ones, the more likely you are to take a better place in this world and society.By uttering affirmations, you’re telling yourself that you’re a valuable person who possesses certain qualities. The more positive affirmations you apply, the more self-confident you’ll feel.It’s also important to emphasize that negative statements work on the same principle. In other words, if you keep repeating negative and self-depreciating things, you’re going to intensify the negativity that you feel.4. PRACTICAL POSITIVE TAKEAWAYS FOR A BETTER LIVINGNow that we’ve explained what positive affirmations are and how they work, we’re moving to the peak of this article: 100 affirmations that will make you feel more positive and contented with yourself.They’re going to be organized in five different categories. That way, it will be easier for our readers to find the ones that can help them in their transformation from a negative to a positive person.Love affirmations1. I am a beautiful person. 2. I am able to love. 3. I deserve to love and be loved. 4. I love my personality. 5. I love my body. 6. I don’t need perfection for beautiful love. 7. I appreciate myself. 8. I am able to love unconditionally. 9. I deserve unconditioned love. 10. I am in love with my mind. 11. My self is worth being loved. 12. I accept and love all my personality traits. 13. I believe in myself and in other people’s love. 14. When I am positive about love, others follow suit. 15. My high self-confidence attracts positive emotions. 16. I will talk positively about my feelings in front of others. 17. I am in love with falling in love. 18. When someone tells me they love me, I politely accept the compliment. 19. Sharing love makes this feeling grow without limits. 20. I believe in honest, pure love between two people.Business/career affirmations21. Every problem has a solution. 22. Think divergently if you want to solve a problem. 23. I accept new challenges. 24. I deserve to live a dignified life. 25. My boss needs to appreciate me for my achievements. 26. I don’t accept promotions based on personal sympathy. 27. I want to learn from successful people. 28. I appreciate every business success I make. 29. I thank God for the good decisions I make. 30. I follow my guts when there’s no rational solution to a problem. 31. I always take the responsibility for my decisions. 32. I share my success with my employees and partners. 33. I never make decisions that aren’t in line with my agenda. 34. My succe ss inspires me and moves me forward. 35. A failure isn’t a reason to fall into despair. 36. If I don’t succeed, I’m going to work harder to make it better next time. 37. I always expect to successfully manage my business tasks. 38. I am open-minded and flexible with my business collaborators. 39. I love to leave my comfort zone and start something challenging from scratch. 40. I don’t work only for money, but it only comes as a reward for my effort.Family affirmations41. I feel unconditioned love for my children. 42. I am always here for my family. 43. My partner is my friend, my lover, and my support. 44. I don’t share my personal traumas with my children. 45. I always support my children’s dreams. 46. My family members know that they can rely on me. 47. I always express compassion to my children. 48. I tell my children that I love them every day. 49. I set a positive example for my family members. 50. My family comes before any other duties or people. 51. I encourage o pen communication about everything in my family. 52. I show my children that the beauty of life is in small things. 53. My children are clever, independent, and curious. 54. I don’t impose my ambitions to my children. 55. I spend quality time with my family. 56. I am always planning new experiences for my children. 57. I like to have lunch and dinner with my family whenever it’s possible. 58. I encourage my children to speak their minds during family hangouts. 59. My family and I laugh a lot. 60. I want my children to become open-minded and warm people. 61. I help my children with their problems in school.Social affirmations62. I like to listen to other people and hear about their experiences. 63. I want to make new friendships. 64. I enjoy spending time outdoors. 65. I like going to the movies and theater. 66. I am calm when in the company of other people. 67. I am a self-confident, social person. 68. I always speak in a clear and polite way. 69. My jokes are here to entertain, not to insult. 70. I can cope with harsh humor in social situations. 71. I am patient when I’m waiting in line. 72. People appreciate my communication skills. 73. I keep the eye contact when I talk to other people. 74. I can deal with complex social situations. 75. I feel good when I’m having coffee with my friends. 76. I like to take part in discussions with other people. 77. I support my claims with facts. 78. I learn new social skills through communication with others. 79. I feel relaxed at parties. 80. I enjoy meeting new people. 81. I remember the faces and names of the people I meet. 82. Socializing is beautiful.Anxiety affirmations83. I am a brave person. 84. I like accepting new challenges. 85. There’s a solution to every problem. 86. I can deal with every difficulty. 87. I can remove every obstacle. 88. I am able to put my fears aside. 89. My self-esteem grows as I remove negative thoughts. 90. I let my dreams trample down my fears. 91. My courage feeds on my bold be havior. 92. I can solve every problem with powerful and focused thinking. 93. I control my fears. 94. If I feel anxious, I take a few deep breaths to clear my mind. 95. When I feel fear, I react in a positive and affirmative way. 96. I am a decisive person who takes the initiative. 97. I know that fears are a normal thing that I can cope with. 98. I want to turn my fears into my advantage. 99. Learning about myself from difficulties makes me a better person. 100. I have enough courage to resolve any problem.Bonus affirmations from successful peopleIn addition to these core 100 affirmations, we’ve also prepared the additional list of ten affirmations used by successful people in dealing with their daily challenges.101. I talk when I want to share something useful. 102. Listening to other people will pay off one day. 103. I believe in my decisions and plans. 104. I will use a defeat to learn my lesson. 105. I appreciate every little success I make. 106. I always move forward, rather than rest on laurels. 107. I do everything I can right now. 108. I will take the plunge into the unknown. 109. I will help the deprived. 110. I will make a difference in my life.5. WHY AFFIRMATIONS MIGHT NOT WORK?Some positive effects of positive affirmations have been scientifically proven, as shown in this article.Nevertheless, some others are believed to be helpful, but without a scientific confirmation. Many people have reported that positive affirmations have helped them deal with their negative thoughts, but these are subjective impressions.Naturally, because of their ambiguous nature, affirmations are sometimes rejected by some ordinary people and psychologists.For instance, some experts claim that not letting the negative thoughts you feel out could result in ever lower self-esteem and worse mood. If you’re feeling down, but you’re trying to cover this heap of bad thoughts with positive illusions, it won’t solve your problems.What’s more, repeating that you’re a l oved and important person when you don’t believe in what you’re saying could lead to a confusion in your head.That’s why Carmen Isa is in her article ‘Why Positive Affirmations Don’t Work’, in Huffington Post suggests that you should first let off some steam and negative thoughts before you start applying positive affirmations in your life.Likewise, Josh Steimle claims that saying positive affirmations without honestly believing in your own words leads to further deception. If you’re aware that you’re lying to yourself, you can’t expect that your negative thoughts will simply vanish.CONCLUSIONWe need to accept that it’s completely natural that we sometimes feel negative emotions. Still, if your everyday life is flooded with negative thoughts and comments about yourself, it’s time to make a change.Moving to the positive pole of your mind is a must if you want to become a more confident and successful person. Repeating some impactful positive affirmations day aft er day is one of the ways to transform your negative mind into a positive one.But it takes some time to get to know yourself and your expectations in order to find the right set of affirmations. You can do that on your own, which is where this article will be more than useful.As an addition or alternative, you can work on your positive affirmations with professionals, but always be careful and collaborate only with certified and experienced psychologists and life coaches.

A Midsummers Night Dream and As You Like It Essay

William Shakespeare often compares imagination and reality in his plays. He explores this comparison through the role and purpose of the forests in Midsummer Nights Dream and As You Like It. Midsummer Nights Dream focuses on imagination and escape, while As You like It focuses on reality and self discovery. The forest in Midsummer Nights Dream represents imagination. Puck, a fairy servant and friend of Oberon, watches six Athenian men practice a play to be performed for Theseus wedding in the forest. Puck turns Nick Bottoms head into that of an ass. The other players see Bottom and run away screaming. He follows them saying, Sometime a horse Ill be, sometime a hound, a hog, a headless bear, sometime a fire, and neigh, and bark,†¦show more content†¦A lunatics mind is unhinged and his/her imagination is free to do what it wants. The person may think they have magical powers. A poets mind is dominated by imagination. They use imagination and creativity to create poems. At the end of the play, the fairies arrive to bless the three couples. Puck tells us, Now it is the time of night that the graves, all gaping wide, every one lets forth his sprite in the churchway paths to glide. And we fairies, that do not run by the triple Hecates team from the presence of the sun, following dar kness like a dream, now are frolic (5.1.396-404). Oberon and Titania sing, So shall all the couples three ever true in loving be and the blots of Natures hand shall not in their issue stand. Never mole, harelip, nor scar, not mark prodigious, such as are despised in nativity, shall upon their children be (5.1.424-431). A dream is another form of imagination. The conscious mind is not in control. In dreams anything can happen, a person can become someone else or get chased by dinosaurs. Fairies are a thing of the imagination, bringing magic to our lives. The forest functions as a place of escape. 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The Impact of Dickens Christmas Carol on Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1124 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Christmas Carol Essay Did you like this example? A Christmas Carol was written in 1843, and it touched readers hearts then and continues to do so today, although now it is not just through the written word but through stage and film adaptations, audio versions via CD and radio. Many people know the story of how a miserable man Scrooge who did not have any feelings of humanity or kindness towards others was shown the error of his ways by the Ghosts of Christmas and by the end of the story not only is filled with the spirit of Christmas Goodwill but became a better human being altogether. First of all lets start with a Trivial pursuit question! How many ghosts are there in A Christmas Carol? Most people answer three: The Ghosts of Christmas past, Christmas present and Christmas future/yet to come. However the official answer in quizzes is four including Marley of course. But when Marley leaves and Scrooge looks out of the window he sees many spectres outside. And dont forget the ghostly hearse going up the stairs as Scrooge enters his house! Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Dickens Christmas Carol on Society" essay for you Create order Although nowadays we think of a carol as being a Christmas song, the definition of the word is a song of joy or praise. So the title A Christmas Carol must signify a joyful song about Christmas or the Christmas ideal. By the end of the story this certainly becomes true. The Carol imagery is carried on throughout the story, with staves used instead of chapter headings. This was definately an interesting/unusual literary device for the time. [Something that Dickens friend Wilkie Collins and other authors in other ways would later do in a different way by laying out one of his novels like a play in Acts] But almost revolutionary for an author like Dickens to do this in 1843. Lets look at the three Christmas Ghosts a little more closely: The Ghost of Christmas Past Sounds somewhat like a candle which at the end their trip together Scrooge snuffs out. It was a Christmas custom to light a candle on Christmas eve. This Spirit shows the reader the reason for Scrooges actions but does not excuse him The Ghost of Christmas Present A representation of Father Christmas*. Victorian Father Christmases were dressed in any colour robes. This ghost shows Scrooge what he is missing by his actions but also offers a warning in the shape of the two children: Ignorance and WantDickens warning about the effects of the squalid conditions of the Industrial Revolution and exploitation of labour could have on the very poor The Ghost of Christmas Future An awful warning and also reminiscent of Old Father Time. And in fact he foretells Scrooges unmourned and lonely death unless he mends his ways. There are a lot of Dickens autobiographical details in the story. Because the young Dickens experienced so much hardship and poverty during his early life, his writing about social inequalities is often based on his own past. It could be that the Cratchits house is modelled on the small house at 16 Bayham Street in Camden Town where Dickens lived at the age of ten and the six Cratchit children mirror Dickens brothers and sisters Tiny Tim may be based on Dickens youngest, poorly brother who was known as Tiny Fred. Dickens was a pupil at Wellington House Academy, Hampstead Road, London which may be the model for the school Scrooge went to. It is set in a little market-town . . . with the bridge, its church, and winding river. Johnson in About A Christmas Carol (Dickensian 1931) identifies this description as referring to Strood, Rochester, and the river Medway, where Dickens spent part of his childhood. Johnson also noted that Dickens erased the word castle from the original manuscript, an apparent reference to Rochester Castle. [Michael Patrick Hearn, The Annotated Christmas Carol, 88] Like Scrooge, Dickens had a sister called Fan[ny] The women in A Christmas Carol are unusual for Dickens, who often had a silly woman in his novels who probably represented his mother, Elizabeth Dickensthink of Mrs Nickleby, Dora Copperfield, Bleak House etc although these are often balanced by a strong woman like Agnes Copperfield, Betsy Trotwood etc. But in A Christmas Carol the woman are quite pro-active: Fan, Belle, Mrs Cratchit all speak up for themselves. Even the laundress and the cleaning women have a certain something! Victorian readers would have picked up hints about the interesting condition of Mrs Fred: Scrooges niece was not one of the blindâ€Å"mans buff party, but was made comfortable with a large chair and a footstool and Dear heart alive, how his niece by marriage started. Scrooge had forgotten, for the moment, about her sitting in the corner with the footstool, or he wouldnt have done it, on any account. The children in A Christmas Carol are more typical of the Dickens type of child, although like Rose in Oliver Twist, Tiny Tim does not die. However Tim is like many too good to be true children in Dickens novels who do usually die: Paul Dombey, Little Nell. Tim is rather like Oliver Twist in that he seems to have an almost angelic streak. Dickens is playing up to the Victorian ideal that children were born good or bad, and Timagain like Oliver Twist and Paul Dombeyseems to have been born able to spout words of pious wisdom! Bear with me here, because I am going to talk about another little quirk of mine: Evidence of Time Travel in the story! The chronology of the story does not work if we try to be sensible! Scrooge and Marley dont part until 2 oclock on Christmas morning and the first Ghost is not due until one oclock the next day [Boxing Day], the second at one oclock on the 27th and the third at midnight on the 28th. Scrooge does say Couldnt I take em all at once, and have it over, Jacob? hinted Scrooge However Scrooge awakens at two oclock and then at all the other times and finally awakes on Christmas morning, crying Its Christmas Day! said Scrooge to himself. I havent missed it! The Spirits have done it all in one night. They can do anything they like. Another hint for time travel: When the Ghost of Christmas past takes Scrooge to see himself as a child at school we read: The panels shrunk, the windows cracked; fragments of plaster fell This is the sort of effect which suggests the image of unbuilding of the apartment which surrounds Scrooge, taking it back in time in fact. This effect has been used in other novels and films, particularly by H. G. Wells in The Time Machine (1895) and in film versions of that book.

Research Paper Helicobacter Pylori Free Essays

string(194) " This runs the risk of decreased patient compliance, more side effects and a greater cost, but ultimately it boils down to local and national guidelines, which vary from one country to another\." Helicobacter pylori| Previously named Campylobacter pyloridis, is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach. | | Microbiology (B1325) Research Paper| Detailed Introduction Helicobacter pylori are a species of epsilon proteobacteria which colonizes the harsh environment of the human stomach. Its name refers to both its spiral shape (Helicobacter) and the area of the lower stomach which it habitually colonizes: the gateway (pylorus) between the stomach and small intestine (Meyers, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper Helicobacter Pylori or any similar topic only for you Order Now This bacterium is thought to be present within up to 50% of the human population and has been linked to the development of a number of different medical conditions (Chalmers et al. 2004). This report will provide information about the discovery of H. pylori as well as its morphological characteristics, taxonomic information, biochemical/metabolic characteristics, chemotherapeutic methods of control/treatment/eradication, immunological responses, pathological information, and epidemiology information. Morphological Characteristics Helicobacter pylori are a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative rod approximately 0. x 3. 0 micrometers in size. It is catalase-positive organism which has 4-6 sheathed flagella attached to one pole which allow for motility. It lives in the human stomach and duodenum. H. pylori possess five major outer membrane protein (OMP) families. The largest family includes known and putative adhesions. The other four families include porins, iron transporters, flagellum-associa ted proteins and proteins of unknown function. Like other typical Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane of H. pylori consists of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The O antigen of LPS may be fucosylated and mimic Lewis blood group antigens found on the gastric epithelium. The outer membrane also contains cholesterol glucosides, which are found in few other bacteria. H. pylori has four to six lophotrichous flagella; all gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter species are highly motile due to flagella. The characteristic sheathed flagella filaments of Helicobacter are composed of two copolymerized flagellants, FlaA and FlaB. [1](From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Taxonomic Information Helicobacter pylori are a gram-negative, spiral-shaped organism associated with gastrointestinal disease in humans. It has a worldwide prevalence, with approximately 50% of the world’s population infected. Before the first isolation and documentation of this organism from the human stomach in 1982, it was assumed that the human stomach was a sterile environment because of the high levels of acid, which would exclude it as an ecologic niche for any organism. This bacterium is the human-adapted Helicobacter primarily found in the gastric mucosa and areas of gastric metaplasia in the duodenum and occasionally in Meckel’s diverticulum and the rectum. It has been cultured rarely from feces, blood, and saliva. It can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in dental plaque and feces. In the latter instances, the viability of the bacteria is in question. H. pylori also have been found in nonhuman primates and cats. H. pylori detection in animals is not common and could be due to human contact with animals. To date, no environmental reservoir has been shown. [2](http://www. gastro. theclinics. com/article/S0889-8553(05)70135-7/abstract) Biochemical/Metabolic Characteristics The genus Helicobacter was created in 1989 with H. pylori as the type species. Since then the genus has expanded to include about 18 species. Some species were reclassified from Campylobacter, but most were newly discovered microorganisms from gastric or intestinal sites in mammalian host animals. The essential property of almost all helicobacter is the presence of sheathed flagella. Most species possess strong ureolytic ability, particularly those associated with gastric mucosa, and exhibit considerable diversity in cell morphology with respect to cell length, number and location of flagella, and presence of periplasmic fibrils. H. pylori have a global distribution and infect human gastric mucosa exclusively but there is some evidence for infection in cats. Genomes of isolates from different individuals are unusual in their diversity in gene order and sequences within individual genes. ‘H. heilmannii1 is another gastric spiral shaped organism less frequently infecting humans but commonly found in cat and dog gastric tissue. H. felis is important in the mouse model of infection. A range of conventional phenotypic tests as well as some new PCR based assays are available for identifying isolates of Helicobacter from clinical specimens. [11]( http://bmb. oxfordjournals. org/content/54/1/17. full. pdf) Chemotherapeutic Methods of Control, Treatment, and Eradication Treatment If you are found to have Helicobacter pylori infection, you may wish to have antibiotic treatment of some kind. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori is usually simple ; straight forward. However, occasional patients need repeated endoscopies, biopsies, breath tests and several courses of treatment with different antibiotic combinations. After treatment of H. pylori, it is necessary to repeat one of these tests to see if the germ has been killed or eradicated for good. Only breath tests or endoscopy with biopsy can be used to prove that the bacterium has been eradicated. The blood tests *(serology) is not suitable to monitor H. pylori eradication because antibodies to H. pylori may remain positive for months or even years after successfully killing the H. pylori. [3] (http://www. helico. com/? q=TreatmentForHelicobacterPylori) Eradication Prolonging the treatment period is a possible strategy for improving H. pylori eradication rates. Several studies have been published that tested this approach, including this paper by Calvet et al. These authors studied the value of extending PPI-based triple therapy from 7 to 10 days and found no additional benefit for patients with peptic ulcers. There was, however, a significant benefit for nonulcer dyspepsia patients (an increase from 66% to 77% in the intention-to-treat analysis and from 73% to 91% in the per-protocol analysis). The authors concluded that the treatment period should be extended from 7 to 10 days for patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. As most eradication therapy, however, is given to patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia, it is not unreasonable to argue that longer therapy should be given to all subjects. Distinguishing between patients with ulcer and nonulcer dyspepsia is therefore rather academic and impractical. The most obvious one is that existing PPI-based triple therapy regimens are not perfect. In the community at large, up to 30% of patients might fail this therapy. If clinicians prescribe triple therapy it should therefore be prescribed for longer than 7 days. This runs the risk of decreased patient compliance, more side effects and a greater cost, but ultimately it boils down to local and national guidelines, which vary from one country to another. You read "Research Paper Helicobacter Pylori" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Alternatively, clinicians might consider some of the newer eradication approaches, such as use of fluoroquinolone-based therapy or sequential treatment. The latter comprises quadruple therapy over a 10-day period, starting with a PPI plus amoxicillin (1,000 mg twice daily) for the first 5 days, followed by PPI plus clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily) and tinidazole (500 mg twice daily) for another 5 days. Intention-to-treat analysis eradication rates of 97%, 92%, and 94% have been reported in children, adults and elderly patients, respectively. Ultimately, clinicians should still strive towards a much simpler eradication strategy, but this will require investment in novel antibiotic discovery or a better understanding of the pathogenesis of H. ylori. Either way, there is much to be gained from continued interest in this little organism. [4](http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/525100_2) Immunological Responses Lifelong Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated gastric inflammation underlie peptic ulceration and gastric carcinogenesis. The immune and inflammatory responses to H. pylori are doubly responsible: gastric inflammat ion is the main mediator of pathology, and the immune and inflammatory response is ineffective, allowing lifelong bacterial persistence. However, despite inducing gastric inflammation, most infections do not cause disease, and bacterial, host and environmental factors determine individual disease risk. Although H. pylori avoid many innate immune receptors, specific virulence factors (including those encoded on the cag pathogenicity island) stimulate innate immunity to increase gastric inflammation and increase disease risk. An acquired T helper 1 response up regulates local immune effectors. The extent to which environmental factors (including parasite infection), host factors and H. ylori itself influence T-helper differentiation and regulatory T-cell responses remains controversial. Finally, effective vaccines have still not been developed: a better understanding of the immune response to H. pylori may help. [5](http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/17382275) Pathological Information Until the discovery of Helicobacter in 1982, ulcers were thought to be caused by stress. Now it is known that ulcers, in addition to gastritis, are caused by a bacterial infection of H. pylori. Though relatively easy to treat with antibiotics, H. ylori can be a risk factor for gastric cancer if it becomes a long-term infection [6] (Stated by D. J. Kelly, 2004. The University of Sheffield). The body’s natural defenses cannot combat H. pylori because white and killer T cells cannot easily get through the stomach lining. The defense cells eventually die, spilling their superoxide radicals on stomach lining cells, on which H. pylori can feed[6] (Stated by Helicobacter Foundation, 2004). Epidemiology Information The frequency of H pylori infection in the United States may be linked to race. White persons account for 29% of cases, and Hispanic persons account for 60% of cases. Internationally, H pylori are a ubiquitous organism. At least 50% of all people are infected, but an exact determination is not available, mostly because exact data are not available from developing countries. H pylori may be detected in approximately 90% of individuals with peptic ulcer disease; however, less than 15% of infected persons may have this disease. The mortality rate related to H pylori infection is not precisely known, but it seems to be minimal (i. e. , approximately 2-4% of all infected people). Mortality is due to the complications of the infection, uch as gastric ulcer perforation or MALTomas of the GI tract. Otherwise, the morbidity of H pylori infection can be very high. [7](http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/176938-overview#a0199) The pathogenetic role of H pylori may differ depending on geography and race. White persons are infected with H pylori less frequently than persons of other racial groups. The prevalence rate is approximately 20% in white persons, 54% in African American persons, and 60% in Hispanic persons. No sex predilection is known; however, females have a higher incidence of reinfection (5-8%) than males. H pylori infection may be acquired at any age. According to some epidemiologic studies, this infection is acquired most frequently during childhood. Children and females have a higher incidence of reinfection (5-8%) than adult males. [7](http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/176938-overview#a0199) Cultural Characteristics Approximately two-thirds of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori. In the United States, H. pylori are more prevalent among older adults, African Americans, Hispanics, and lower socioeconomic groups. It is not known how H. ylori are transmitted or why some patients become symptomatic while others do not. The bacteria are most likely spread from person to person through fecal-oral or oral-oral routes. Possible environmental reservoirs include contaminated water sources. Iatrogenic spread through contaminated endoscopes has been documented but can be prevented by proper cleaning of equipment. [8](Centers for disease and control prevention) Case St udy 1 Title: Correlation of Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma. Authors: Khanna, AK, Seth, P, Nath, G, Dixit, V K, Kumar, M Issue Date: 26-Jan-2002 Citation: Khanna AK, Seth P, Nath G, Dixit VK, Kumar M. Correlation of Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 2002 Jan-Mar; 48(1): 27-8 Language: Eng. Type: Journal Article Abstract: BACKGROUND: Difference of opinion about the prevalence of H. pylori association with gastric cancer exists in the literature. AIMS: To study the correlation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to gastric carcinoma. METHODS: 50 proved cases of gastric cancer were studied by rapid urease test, culture, histopathology and ELISA test for H. pylori IgG. RESULTS: 68% of cases of gastric cancer were found to be positive for H. pylori infection as compared to 74% of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in our patients of gastric cancer was lower than in the control population though statistically not significant, suggesting that H. pylori may not be responsible for gastric carcinogenesis in this population. Source URI: http://www. jpgmonline. com URI: http://imsear. hellis. org/handle/123456789/116058 MeSH: * Adult * Case-Control Studies * Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay * Female Helicobacter Infections –complications * Helicobacter pylori –isolation purification * Humans * Male * Middle Aged * Prevalence [9](http://imsear. hellis. org/handle/123456789/116058Stomach Neoplasms –microbiology) Case Study 2 Title: Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque of children and their family members. Authors: Gill, H H, Shankaran, K, Desai, H G Issue Date: 1-Sep-1994 Citation: Gill HH, Shanka ran K, Desai HG. Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque of children and their family members. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 1994 Sep; 42(9): 719, 721 Language: Eng. Type: Journal Article Abstract: A prospective study was undertaken to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the dental plaque of children and their family members. 22 children (age range: 2-12 years; males: 16) admitted to the pediatric ward for various disorders and 17 healthy family members (age range: 7-40 years; males: 9) of 13 of these children were screened for presence of Helicobacter pylori in the dental plaque by the rapid urease test. H. pylori were detected in dental plaque of 82% (18/22) children and 88% (15/17) of family members. In 85% (28/33) of the positive cases the rapid urease test was positive within 1 hour. Our observations indicate that Helicobacter pylori are present in the dental plaque of majority of children and their family members. Source URI: http://www. japi. org URI: http://imsear. hellis. org/handle/123456789/95238 MeSH: * Child * Child, Preschool * Dental Plaque –microbiology * Family Health * Female * Helicobacter pylori –isolation purification * Humans * Male * Prospective Studies Appears in Collections: Journal of the Association of Physicians of India [10](http://imsear. ellis. org/handle/123456789/95238) Conclusion The author covered morphological characteristics, taxonomic information, biochemical/metabolic characteristics, chemotherapeutic methods of control/treatment/eradication, immunological responses, pathological information, and epidemiology in this paper. The overwhelming conclusion is that it is critical to survival of the human race that hygiene and education will be the best possible steps to overcome an increasing body of bacteria in our world. References 1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2. http://www. gastro. theclinics. om/article/S0889-8553(05)70135-7/abstract) 3. http://www. helico. com/? q=TreatmentForHelicobacterPylori 4. http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/525100_2 5. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/17382275 6. Stated by D. J. Kelly, 2004. The University of Sheffield 7. http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/176938-overview#a0199 8. Centers for disease and control prevention 9. http://imsear. hellis. org/handle/123456789/116058Stomach Neoplasms –microbiology 10. http://imsear. hellis. org/handle/123456789/95238 11. http://bmb. oxfordjournals. org/content/54/1/17. full. pdf How to cite Research Paper Helicobacter Pylori, Essays

Richard M. Nixon free essay sample

Richard M. Nixon Early Life Richard Milieus Nixon grew up in Worry, California the son of Quakers Frank and Hannah Nixon. During Onions childhood In Worry, the family was always on the edge of poverty. The lemon grove was unfruitful, and there was little money for anything beyond food and clothing for the growing family. The Nixon never ate in a restaurant or took even a brief vacation. Onions early life was one of boyish stubbornness. He swam in the dangerous Anaheim Canal in spite of repeated warnings from his father, and he insisted upon standing up to ride in the family wagon, although once a fall gave him a serious head injury.He displayed a competitive streak at an early age and would never turn down a challenge or a dare. He also loved to be read to, and after age flee he could read on his own. We will write a custom essay sample on Richard M. Nixon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page National Geographic was his favorite magazine. Education Nixon graduated form high school in 1930. He possessed extraordinary intelligence and ambition, but his ambitious nature received a serious setback that year. He graduated first in his class and won his high schools Harvard Club award as ;best all-around student. Quote; The award was a scholarship to Harvard university In Cambridge, Massachusetts. In addition, he seemed likely to win a scholarship to Yale university In New Haven, Connecticut. Nixon had dreamed for years of going to a famous college in the East, but his dreams were shattered when he had to turn down both opportunities. Because his older brother Heralds long battle with tuberculoses had drained the familys funds there was no money to pay for the cost of traveling to the East Coast and living there.Nixon swallowed his disappointment and enrolled at nearby Whittler College. Nixon majored In history, and one of his history professors had a profound Influence on his career. This was Dry. Paul Smith, whom Nixon called ;the greatest intellectual inspiration of my early years. ; Smith was a Republican who urged his students to think about the importance of leadership in government. He encouraged them to consider entering public office, and he certainly helped turn Onions thoughts in that direction.In 1934 Nixon graduated from Whittler College after four years on the honor roll. He applied for a scholarship to a new law school, at Duke University In Durham, North Carolina, and asked several of his professors to write to Duke, recommending him for a scholarship. Thanks to one convincing letter from the president of Whittier College saying that Richard Nixon would become a great American leader someday, Nixon was given a scholarship to Duke Law School. After his third year at Duke, Nixon graduated from Duke Law School in 1937.Nixon was ranked third In his class of 25 students. Immediately after graduating, he passed the California Bar Exam which every lawyer wishing to practice law In California must pass. Positions held before the Presidency After passing the bar exam, he practiced law in Whittier, California, and briefly served with the Office of Price Administration before enlisting in the U. S. Navy during World War II. In 1947, Nixon won a seat in the U. S. House of Representatives in a campaign noted for his accusation that his Democratic opponent was supported by Communists.As a member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, he gained fame for his part In the Alger Hiss spy case. He went on to the U. S. Senate In 1951, again after Nixon became Eisenhower vice-president in 1952 and was unusually visible and active in that role. In 1958, he faced down hostile demonstrations in Peru and Venezuela, and in 1959 he had his famous kitchen debate with Khrushchev at an American exhibit in Moscow. After narrowly losing the presidency to Kennedy in 1960, Nixon lost a bid for governor of California in 1962, a loss which appeared to be the end of his political career.Accomplishments of his Presidency Some of Onions most acclaimed achievements came in his quest for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U. S. S. R. His summit meetings with Russian leader Leonie l. Brethren produced a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons. In January 1973, he announced an accord with North Viet Name to end American involvement in Indochina. In 1974, his Secretary of State, Henry Kissing, negotiated disengagement agreements between Israel and its opponents, Egypt and Syria.In his 1972 bid for office, Nixon defeated Democratic candidate George McGovern by one of the widest margins on record. Within a few months, his administration was embattled over the so-called Watergate scandal, stemming from a break-in at the offices of the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 campaign. The break-in was traced to officials of the Committee to Re-elect the President. A number of administration officials resigned; some were later convicted of offenses connected with efforts to cover up the affair.

Black mirror White Bear (Summarization) free essay sample

A woman wakes up with an amnesia, she was in the house where the TV screen showed an unknown symbol. She turns off the TV screen, she caught her attention about the photos of herself and a man with a small girl. She leaves the house and asks for help but people refuse her and continue recording her on their own cellphones. When a masked man leaves his car with his shotgun and ready to shoot the woman, she runs and meets Jem and Damien at the gas store. The man kills Damien, while Jem and the woman escaped the man, Jem explain everything to the woman that it is because of the signal that appearing on the TV screen and mobile screen. Jem said that they are unaffected, but they are also a target of hunters, they planned to reach a transmitter at the white bear to destroy it, while they were escaping the hunters, Baxter offer them a ride. We will write a custom essay sample on Black mirror: White Bear (Summarization) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, while there were at the forest, Baxter tried to kill Jem and the woman, Baxter rang her phone while he was busy talking to someone, Jem walked away and he noticed that Jem escaped. He tried to torture the woman, but Jem came back and killed Baxter. Jem and the woman continue traveling until they reached the transmitter, the two hunters attack and tried to kill them.The woman took the wrestle’s shotgun and shoot it to the hunters, but the shotgun only sprays confetti. The walls open and the crowded people shout, the woman forced to sit in the chair, someone tells everything to her, that her name is Victoria Skillane, and the small girl in the photo was Jemima Sykes, and the man was her fiance name Iain Rannoch. Iain has a tattoo was the symbol that she saw in the TV screen, Iain tortured and killed Jemima before he burned her body, while Victoria remains to stay and recorded Iain’s actions on her mobile phone. Iain committed suicide in his cell. Victoria was undergone in the daily punishment she experienced in the White Bear Justice Park named after Jemima’s white teddy bear. Victoria is driven back to the house while the crowded people remain recording herm and they arranged everything where it started.Black Mirror: White Bear (Reflection)Victoria Skillane was a very popular woman. Nowadays, when we caught an accident or anything that can fulfill someone’s attention, we record it through our mobile phones and upload it. We recorded it, just like Victoria did when Iain tortured and killed Jemima. Victoria just only watched and recorded what was happened. If I were Victoria, I called the police and tell what was happened so that Jemima did not die. There’s no difference between Victoria and those people nowadays because what Victoria did is like what we are doing. If we have caught about something we use our phone to capture and recorded it instead of going or call the police station to prevent the accident. For me, its okay to give a punishment for Victoria to learn what was her done to killed a small girl named Jemima. Victoria and Iain deserve to be punished by many people. She deserves what was her experienced.

Effects of Economics, Race and Class on Social Standing essays

Effects of Economics, Race and Class on Social Standing essays One of the great things about America is that we are supposed to have a class-less society. Some countries have a class structure that is impossible to break. If you are born poor, you will die poor. There is no hope to break the cycle. That should not be the case in America. We like to believe that anyone can find fame and fortune in this country. The promise is that you can work hard and make it big. With this egalitarian outlook, America sounds like a great place to live. The theory is that we are all equal, and have an equal chance of achieving the American Dream. The Dream itself has many definitions, but for my purpose, I am going to assume it means that we can be upwardly mobile concerning social standing. Americans can be born poor and die rich. Of course, there are many subtle levels in between. That is where we will find popular culture. You see, although we have a class-less society, that does not mean we are totally without classes in our country. It really means we are able to transcend those classes and move up or down. We most certainly do have classes amongst ourselves. Primarily, our class is designated by what material possessions we have at this given moment. Not even what we own or how much money we have. It is the perception of affluence, not the accumulation of wealth, which most Americans value. In America, how others perceive you is what determines your social standing. Popular culture is out there for the masses. It is to give the lower and middle class people something to strive for. It tells us that, to be successful, we must drive a car costing more than the average annual salary of most Americans. It tells us what clothes to wear, what music we should listen to or where to live. It is through popular culture that our economy is driven. If it were not for credit and leasing, most Americans would never own a home or have a car to drive. This vici...

Reading Responses and Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading Responses and Replies - Essay Example Workforce writing is oriented to complete a job-related task; while college writing enables students to explore their thoughts. No wonder, analysis reports at the workplace are very short since managers do not have time to read long paragraphs. However, academic reports may be lengthy depending on the lecturer instructions on word limit. Writing skills are significant in college, because what one learns in college is eventually used in the professional context to present information. In the professional context, writing is an important way of expressing ideas and information in the form of memo, research reports, presentations, and emails. In response to writing, Gareth highlights important tips that apply to both college and workforce writing. To Purdue University, grammar and vocabulary should be perfect to show intelligence. With this in mind, one is entitled to show the professionalism of the English language in writing, thus enabling one to understand the differences in workforc e writing and college writing. Writing is an important component of effective business practice because, it enables the business person to convey his ideas in various forms such as advertising and marketing to attract his target audience. ... Jae is deep in content since he has outlined how college writing tends to be structured as per professor requirement, whereas professional writing is flexible. I agree with this writer because; college students are instructed to write in various guidelines such as word length, writing styles such as MLA and APA among others. However, professional writers follow guidelines of accomplishing a job-related task that a time may be required to be in short paragraphs for easy reading. Response 2 I have chosen to apply for an administration manager post in the Walt Disney Company, the World’s leader in family entertainment. This company is well-known for the production of motion pictures, television network, and film studios amongst others. To be most appealing to this employer, I intend to present my presentation neatly and professionally. In doing this, I will emphasize on researching about the company and the job applied. I will express my interest for working in Walt Disney Compan y based on my pre-research, and put across how am impressed by the company’s success and growth. I will effectively present knowledge of the post am applying. In doing this, I will demonstrate my passion to work for Walt Disney Company. I will show my trust for this company to be the best place to exploit my skills and experiences for the gain of the company. There are various ways that I will demonstrate the skills I have that the employer is seeking. First, I will list all the requirements of an administrative manager am proficient in such as scheduling, organizing, planning, and supervising. In this case, I will customize the responsibilities as per the job post requirement to win

Linkedln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Linkedln - Essay Example LinkedIn was officially launched in 2003, with a wide network. The company possesses a diversified business model and generates its revenue from talent and marketing solution along with subscription of premium products. It is a social networking site used by the professionals for their business purposes as well as to increase connectivity with the public and other allied professionals in different fields. The site is used for various marketing reasons by the companies and it provides an opportunity to the members to showcase their talents. It provides a business oriented atmosphere and its objective is to increase connectivity. It is a useful social media for developing marketing strategies to increase connectivity for the professionals (LinkedIn Corporation, 2013). Risk Factors The social media with the advancement of technology is becoming an integral part of business networking. The platform is aggressively used by the businesses for the purpose of marketing along with increasing connectivity. LinkedIn can trigger a wide variety of risks to the organizations such as the risk of information leakage. The risk factors involved can be the leakage of confidential information by the third party which can prove to be a breach. The placement of the advertisements on the site of LinkedIn at times can be tricky which might make the user to download the infected application which causes leakage of personal information. This might lead to the misuse of data and might cause a fraudulent act. The loss of privacy can be a risk for the companies using the platform and their customers as well owing to the fact that a significant extent of personal and corporate information is exchanged through LinkedIn. The risk involved for these sites largely come from the hackers as th ey tend to extract the information and cause legal risk. The platform being open for every user does not provide adequate safety, security on social and legal basis. At the same time, the social networking site is useful for showcasing the prevailing opportunities and talents (Navetta, 2011). Growth History and Reasons for Growth LinkedIn site has shown a growth trend in the past few years. In the year 2003, the site had 4500 members in its network. With the use of the diversified business model, the LinkedIn platform has shown a tremendous growth. It has at present nearly 225 million users in not less than 200 countries. It also has revealed a steady growth as it has 4800 employees worldwide in more than 20 languages. The total revenue amassed by LinkedIn in 2013 has been nearly US$393 Million with the increase in the number of members. Moreover, officials from Fortune 500 companies are their members. LinkedIn uses the data driven strategy to enhance the growth of the site and incr ease its revenue. The data provided through the site to the end users are helping to improve the marketing strategies of the user companies. This strategy is facilitating the business and the members to decide on the marketing strategies along with decision making to increase the performance. This kind of strategy aids in providing accurate and efficient data which in turn facilitates the social networking platform in increasing the subscription and in generation of revenue. LinkedIn makes money by using premium accesses, sales of ad for the products and by providing solution to the corporate clients (LinkedIn Corporation,

The General Crisis In The 17th Century History Essay

The General Crisis In The 17th Century History Essay The period of crisis that happened in Europe in the seventeenth century was one of the toughest in history. After the process of expansion and growth experienced during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Europe found itself in a deep crisis that lasted nearly a century. A crisis that was characterize by various features, foremost the demographic, because after the late Middle Ages the population had increased steadily; until it stops abruptly in the sixteenth century even to recede in many places. Other reasons that were attributed for causing this crisis included hunger, wars, revolts, politics, plagues and climate changes. Eric Hobsbawn argues that on the big picture, it was economic and social forces that created this mid 17th century crisis. On the other hand, Trevor Roper emphasized that the main causes for this crisis were the religious and political conflict. Although both arguments can be valid and were present in this disaster, I believe that the root causes of this cris is were religious and political differences, which ultimately led Europe to have economic and social conflicts as well. One important example of this crisis is the thirty years war. It was a war that took place in central Europe (especially in Germany) between 1618 and 1648, in which the majority of the great European powers intervened. This war would mark the future if the European continent in the centuries to follow  [1]  . The origin of this war goes back to the Peace of Augsburg, which basically stated that the religion of the ruler of the land will be the religion of the people. This resolved the conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants for a while, but due to the diverse religions practiced in the German states, it did not solve the underlying religious issues definitively. Just by analyzing the phrases above, we automatically get the sense that it was religious conflicts the root cause of this war. This is confirmed by the event that sparked the war, the revolt in Bohemia. In this revolt, member of the predominantly protestant bohemian legislature threw two catholic government o fficials pot the window, as a sign of protest against the religious policies of the newly elected king, the catholic Ferdinand II  [2]  . However, the Catholics defeated the protestants, and this leads us to another example of religion causing the 30 years war; the intervention of the Danish and then the Swedish. This happened because of the fear of these kingdoms that their sovereignty as protestant lands was threatened by the Catholic success in the war, and also because the declarations of the king Frederick V, where he said that all Europe should be back to Catholic. Nevertheless, at this point the Catholics are still winning the war, and this catches the awareness of Cardinal Richelieu, who was the chief minister of King Louis XII of France. From this point on, this religious war becomes political, because even though he was catholic, France decides to join the war and help the Protestants. The reason for this was simple, balance of power; the French felt that Habsburgs hav e gained too much power and they did not want just one great power to control Europe  [3]  . This war is a great example of how religious and political reasons shaped this European crisis, and how these events led to the economic and social problems that a war brings, in order to fund the war with money and men. After all, this war was ended with the Treaty of Westphalia; which ironically ended up being like the treaty of the peace Augsburg that stated that the religion of the prince is the religion of the people. The political effects of this war were very traumatic as well, first it weakened the power of the empire, and the individual territories of the Germany gained more autonomy even than before the war  [4]  . Another problem that rose during this crisis was the war of the three kingdoms. This is another great example to argue that Trevor Roper was correct in explaining the main cause of the crisis. This war happened after England, Ireland and Scotland became united under the power of only one ruler. This was possible because, since Queen Elizabeth of England had no direct heir to her throne, the next in line was James Stuart, the king of Scotland  [5]  . So what types of problems this created? First, James was a firm believer of the divine right monarchy, which basically means that he was placed there by god and does not have to report to anyone else. This belief did not bring many problems to other nations; however, the fact that England had a parliament created a lot of political tensions in this era. Expanding upon this, the wealth that the members of the parliament had acquired from the agricultural innovation, the expansion of their land and sheep count, increased this problems e ven more, because they now wanted to match their political power with their economic power. The fact of this happening brings us back to our thesis, and shows a religious problem becoming political, which ultimately becomes social. I argue this because the parliament starts to have power from the times of King Henry, when he needed their approval to separate from the Catholic Church (religion). Years after, this backfires to King James, because it gave more authority to the wealthy parliament, and clash with his ideals of divine right and absolutism (Politics). Subsequently, creating a lot tension and confusion among the people of the three kingdoms, whose laws and taxes kept changing as the power of the monarchy and the parliament would fluctuate (Social)  [6]  . To further support our point, we can cite the historian Paul Hazard, who coined the term crisis of the European consciousness to define an ideological crisis that could be found in the intellectual ambient of Europe after the wars of religion  [7]  . This is a valid argument since it is logical to believe that religious conflicts could rupture the emotional stability of a society that is very much influenced by god and religion. The raise and growth of new religions that differed in many matters with ancient Catholicism brought into the map many thinkers that challenged even more the traditional beliefs.   Intellectuals such as Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke and Newton share a common time, it can even be dated astronomically with the famous Halleys comet of 1680 which allowed Pierre Bayle drafting its Charter, and use this to make fun (in a way) at the Religious superstitions and affirm that knowledge must be constantly proven and updated  [8]  . However, this eventuall y created some social problems, since most of the universities and teaching centers were controlled and had the patronage of the church, being either catholic, like the Jesuits, or protestants. This is another example of how religious conflicts (Trevors argument) happened first and the led to social problems (Hobsbawn argument) Possibly the best example of the religious and political causes of this crisis was the glorious revolution. Going back to the origin of the problem, old King James II was a Catholic that had already irritated the parliament by relaxing the restrictions on the Catholics and allowing them to hold positions in public offices  [9]  . Nevertheless, James was old and next line for the throne was his daughter Mary, a protestant that was married to William of Orange; so the parliament does not really take any action. However, things turn ugly after James II has a son that would mean the continuity of Catholic rule in England, which the parliament would not allow. This caused the glorious revolution, and causes James to escape to France with his son, and William of Orange is invited to be king of England  [10]  . It is interesting to see how the biggest political problem that King James II had was the fact that he was catholic; once again religion. In addition, the fact that the parliament is the one that invites William to be king summarizes the amount of power that he would have, which as we can see, was very limited. He was given many restrictions, such as the obligation to be an Anglican, he was not allowed to have a standing army, he was not allowed to veto a parliament act and there was no arbitrary arrest  [11]  . Based on this, comes a liberal social movement that will support the ideas of the parliament in a way, and moves England even further away from absolutism. A leader of this movement is John Locke. We can see in his Two treatises to the government his idea of the natural right to live, which basically states that we all have a right to liberty and the possession of property. Moreover, if the government does not protect the natural right to live of the people, they can reve l and a demand a ruler who does not violate their rights  [12]  . Trevor and Hobsbawn use the Fronde in France as another example of the general crisis. It begun because of general discontent of the people. His beginnings were based on the economic crisis and increasing the tax burden generated to address the cost of participation of France in the Thirty Years War. Its most direct cause, however, can be found in the means used by the monarchy to raise taxes. With the arrival of the regent the people expected the monarchy to cut rates, but not so: Cardinal Mazarin thought that France could support the war and did not let up the pressure. In addition, the Parliament of Paris tried to limit the power of King Louis XIV and also the nobility felt threatened by the king and wanted more of a voice in the government. All of the causes of the Fronde have political implications to it. Even If it is argued that the raise of the taxes was a social problem, it was a political decision to raise the taxes for war and specially to actually enter the war, with the ideals of balance of power  [13]  . In conclusion, the general crisis was characterized by a series of wars, revolts, decline of population and political and social changes that in many cases could have been avoided if the right precautions would have been taken. However, the fact Europe was undergoing a time political absolutism (at least that is what the rulers intended) and the close relation between church and government, made it impossible to avoid the conflicts. The numerous wars that happened (all for political and religious reasons) aided by plagues and diseases, caused the first decline in the population after the middle ages, therefore creating social and economic problems in the region. This is the reason why I believe that Trevor Roper was right by saying that the root cause of the crisis was political and religious (decisions to go to war, monarchs selected for their religion, etc); which then led to economic and social problem(increase of taxation, price revolution, and decline in population), aggravating even more the situation.

Eschools as Organisations Post 16 Options for Young People and Adults Essay

1. 2 Explain the post 16 options for young people and adults: – Once a young person has reached year 11 there are a number of choices to make about their future, this could be choosing a new course at school or college or entering employment and training. These options will give them a good base on building a future career. Post 16:- Continue in full time education either sixth form or at a local college. Depending on their results they can choose from the list below:- Post 17:- If they have just completed a one-year course, following Year 12, they may decide to continue their studies full time or look for jobs and training:- Post 18:- Following Year 13, they will have a number of choices to make about their future. They may decide to continue their studies full time or look for jobs or training. List of options for post 16, 17 and 18. Course at entry level- Entry level courses do not require any exam passes and usually take one or two years to complete, a course at this level is an – Entry Level Certificate. Course at Level 1(foundation Level) – Foundation level courses do not usually require any exam passes. Depending on which course they do it usually takes either one or two years to complete. Examples of courses at this level are: -Introductory Certificates/Diplomas -National First Award (level 1) -National certificate/Award (level 1) -GCSEs -NVQ Level 1 Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification (foundation Level) All foundation Level courses can lead to higher level courses or work and training. Courses at level 2 (intermediate level) – Intermediate Level courses may require two or three passes at grades D–G and they usually take two years to complete. Examples of courses at this level are: – GCSEs – First Certificates/Diplomas – National Certificates/Awards (Level 2) – NVQ Level 2 – Foundation Apprenticeship – Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification (Intermediate) All Intermediate Level courses can lead to higher level course or jobs with training. (Providing they get the grades required). Courses at level 3 (advanced level) Four or five GCSEs at grades A*- C or equivalents are usually required for entry. Depending on the type of course, they generally take either one or two years to complete. Examples of courses at this level are: – AS/A levels, including applied A levels – National Diploma – International Baccalaureate – Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification (Advanced) †¢ NVQ Level 3 – Apprenticeship. All Advanced Level courses can lead to higher education or jobs and training (providing they get the grades required in the appropriate subjects). Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification:- The Welsh Bac is now becoming available to more learners throughout Wales in schools, colleges and work-based settings. It allows for more flexibility in their studies. They will also develop skills and learning styles that prepare you for further and higher education, as well as the world of work. The Welsh Bac consists of two parts: Core – consisting of five components: – An Individual Investigation (which is like a project) into a subject of their own choice. – Wales, Europe and the World – Key Skills – Work-related education – Personal and social education. Options – where they choose from course/programmes that are currently offered, for example: – GCSE – AS/A levels – VCE (Vocational A levels) – NVQ – BTEC – OCR. – New Principal Learning and Project Qualification will also be available as option within the Welsh Bac. Apprenticeships: Apprenticeships bring them formal qualifications and highly specific work skills. They must be employed so they will be earning while they learn. They can also use Apprenticeship as a stepping stone to higher qualifications. As an Apprentice, their skills and role are respected, many top managers started out by learning a trade and understanding how the organisation works from the ground up. To gain access to an apprenticeship applicants would need: – – Four or five GCSEs at grade C or above are usually needed. – They’d be paid while they learn the skills that employers are looking for. – They’d gain an NVQ Level 3 qualification as an Apprentice or a Level 2 qualification as a foundation Apprentice. Higher Apprenticeships are also available at a Level 4 or above. Traineeships: If the student was leaving school or college a Traineeship could help them get the skills needed to get a job or progress to further learning at a higher level, for example Apprenticeships or further education. In most cases they can start on a Traineeship at any point during the year and they don’t need any formal qualifications to access the programme. There are different levels of Traineeship. (Post 18) †¢ Engagement: If they are finding it difficult to find the right job, get into work or develop their skills and learning, this level will help prepare them for the world of work or full time learning. This level can include work placements, community projects or training. Level 1: If they know what career they want to follow and are ready for full-time learning at Level 1, this level will allow them to progress their skills further in their chosen subject and can also include work placements and community projects. If they have successfully completed a Level 1 and are still out of work, they maybe eligible to start learning at Level 2. Voluntary work: As well as doing something worthwhile and rewarding in its own right, voluntary work can also be a good way of gaining skills and experience, especially if they don’t find a job or training right away. It also looks good on a CV. Youth Gateway: If they need some extra help and support before applying for a course, job or training, Youth Gateway is a short programme run by Careers Wales to help them with identifying and developing skills, job search, making applications and choosing suitable courses. Information on this can found at the local Careers Wales Centre. Direct. Gov [15 April 2012] www. education. gov. uk [1 April 2012 wales. gov. uk [ 1 April 2012].

African American Heritage Paper Essay

This paper explores the African American heritage and also identifies the significance of nurses being culturally aware, sensitive and competent when caring for people of African American heritage. Although these terms mentioned above are used interchangeably, they have different meanings. Cultural awareness is appreciating the external or material part of the culture, such as the music, arts, and physical characteristics, and dress. Cultural sensitivity is the personal attitudes toward the culture, such as not saying things that is offensive to someone from a different ethnic or cultural background (Purnell,2013, p. 4). Cultural competence is putting it all together; by using your knowledge to provide culturally congruent care and to be able to work effectively with people in cross- cultural situations. African Americans are the second largest ethnocultural groups in the United States; however, it is one of the most misunderstood cultures. This culture is so unique because they have mixed their cultures from their different homes of origin in Africa, along with American culture. This paper overviews the history, communications, family roles, workforce issues, biocultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, pregnancy and childbearing practices, spirituality, health care practices, nutrition, and death rituals in the African American culture. It is important that nurses see themselves as becoming culturally competent when caring for African Americans, and this involves incorporating cultural desire, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, and cultural encounter with the people of African American heritage (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). 2 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE One of the largest minority groups in the United States, African Americans culture includes the various cultural traditions of different African ethnic groups. â€Å"Data from the U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (2001) reveals that there are approximately 34,333,000 African Americans residing in the United States, representing 12. 1% of the total population† (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). They were forcibly imported into the United States as slaves from 1619 to 1860 (Purnell, 2013, p. 21). During slavery, they incorporated their culture from their homes of origin, and as a result, their culture included several cultural traditions of African ethnic groups. Many African Americans live in poverty due to discrimination and lack of proper education. Most families of African American heritage value education, but they still struggle to have equal representation in the workplace, and are more likely to work in a hazardous environment, resulting in job related diseases and illness. Due to the lower-level positions and the difficulty in achieving higher opportunities in the workplace, some African Americans continue to feel discouraged. Nurses need to address discrimination and also issues that create ethnic or racial tension in the workplace. English is the language spoken by African Americans, however, people of lower socio economical status communicate in an informal language known as African American English (AAE) (Purnell, 2013, p. 22). According to Campinha-Bacote (2009), the major problem that AAE speakers face is prejudice. Most people believe that AAE is inferior to Standard American English. As a result, African Americans who speak AAE are sometimes misinterpreted as being uneducated. Nurses should be aware not to stereotype African Americans as only speaking AAE, and also not to stereotype them as uneducated based on the way they communicate. African Americans are expressive when 3 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE communicating and often use body languages to convey their feelings. Their expressive language and body movement can be misconstrued as anger or provocation. Nurses need to be familiar with these characteristics and not misinterpret them. As a nurse, when interacting with African Americans for the first time, be sure to address them formally, until given permission to use other names, such as their first name. The African-American family has evolved over the last two decades and still continues to evolve. A person that is brought up in a traditional nuclear family is more likely to continue that tradition. Whereas, a person that is brought up in a single parent home is more likely to continue that same tradition. Although these situations are more likely, they are not always so. To provide the most competent care, the best thing for the nurse to do would be to ask the patient in a non-judgmental way about family dynamics and also ask them what they would feel the most comfortable with when it comes to decision making for their care. The nurse should then accept this decision. Being knowledgeable about this cultural group’s family values and beliefs are crucial for providing care for the African American patient (Revell & McGhee, 2012). A high percentage of African American households are matriarchal and fall below poverty level. With that being said, it is wise for nurses to make a point of including women when discussing health care issues. Nurses also should take note when dealing with homosexual individuals in this ethnic group, not to break confidence by sharing their lifestyles with others. This information can jeopardize and cause conflicts within the family and ruin relationships. Romantic relationships of the same-sex are not totally acceptable within this culture. 4 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE As in many culture, social status is important in African American community. African Americans are often met with negative atmosphere and prejudice attitudes based on their cultural background and skin color. Assumptions are made based on AAE spoken by some as an indication of unintelligence and the lack of education. These assumptions sometimes affect employment opportunities and job promotions. Nurses should be cautious not to fall into the stereotyping African Americans based on these characteristics. African American skin color ranges from light to very dark due to the combination of a gene pool of more than 100 racial strains (Purnell, 2013, p. 25). When assessing for cyanosis in dark-skinned African Americans, be sure to pay attention to the oral mucosa or conjunctiva. When assessing for pallor, note the absence of the underlying red tones that give the skin it’s glow. Lastly, when observing for jaundice, be sure to look at the sclera of the eyes, the soles of the feet, and the palms of the hands for any yellow discoloration (25). Health care is a luxury that low socioeconomic African Americans may not be able to afford. Meeting their daily needs takes priority over what they believe to be minor health issues. Consequently, diseases that could be treatable might end up being a life- threatening situation. African Americans are family orientated, because of this; some tend to initially seek medical attention from family members rather than going to a health care professional. Health care professionals need to be aware of this and work toward teaching and distributing health information via church and community centers. Most African American women are against abortion due to religious, cultural, and moral beliefs. As a result, there is a delay in making a decision until it becomes too late. 5 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE Family support is crucial for pregnant African American women. Gichia (2000) studied and found out that African American women look for role models such as older female relatives, or if they have none, they look for someone who seemed like a mother to them, such as a neighbor. These role models can provide the pregnant woman and new mother with needed support. According to Abbyad & Robertson (2011), nurses caring for pregnant African American women need to be informed about the variety of ways in which childbirth preparation can occur, as in any other group of pregnant women. Moreover, nurses need to consider the ways in which their attitudes and behaviors send unwelcoming messages to African American women seeking prenatal care or childbirth classes. These attitudes can discourage the African American woman in seeking further care. â€Å"Culturally competent care for the childbearing African American woman includes addressing all components of care including the use of complementary and alternative medicine† (Revell, 2012). The childbirth nurse that is providing culturally competent care should be aware that the perceived norm is different for every family. African Americans are spiritual and are usually affiliated with some religious order. Historically, the church has played a major role in the life of African American culture. The church is a place where they can meet on common grounds. Faith and prayer is one of the most important attributes of Christian African Americans. They believe that God has the power to heal them, and he also has the power not to. They believe that whatever happens to them is according to God’s will. Food is very valuable in the African American culture. It symbolizes health and wealth. It is derived from African descent. When food is offered to someone, it means that the person is valued; and by offering food, they are given you something that is 6 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE valuable to them. When it comes to nutrition, some African American diets are high in cholesterol and fats. According to James (2004), â€Å"African Americans will need information on basic nutrition topics such as serving sizes and reading food labels†. Nurses that work in African American communities should be involved in programs that promote healthy food choices. These programs can specifically be developed for churches, neighborhood grocery stores, and local restaurants. â€Å"Health disparities among the African-American population include life expectancy, heart disease, hypertension, infant morality and morbidity rates, cancer, sickle cell diseases, HIV/AIDS, violence, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and asthma† (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). Unfortunately, they have the tendency to see a health care professional only when absolutely necessary. â€Å"Health is viewed as harmony with nature, whereas illness is seen as a disruption in this harmonic state due to demons† (Purnell, 2013, p. 33). Recognize and support your patient cultural behaviors and believes to promote healthy interactions. In addition, always provide factual information about health practices that may not be understood due to their cultural believes and cultural differences. In conclusion, it is recommended that nurses familiarize themselves with cultural specific information in order to provide cultural competent care in African American community. Nurses should consider the following question: â€Å"In caring for African- American patients, have I asked myself the right questions. † It is important for nurses to be aware of their biases and prejudices toward African Americans. In addition, they should possess the needed skills to conduct a cultural assessment while possessing knowledge of this cultural group (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). Lastly, nurses should always 7 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE have the desire to become culturally competent not just with African American patients, but any patient that has been placed in their charge. 8 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE Resources Abbyad, C. , & Robertson, T. (2011). African American Women’s Preparation for Childbirth From the Perspective of African American Health-Care Providers. Journal Of Perinatal Education, 20(1), 45-53. doi:10. 1891/1058-1243. 20. 1. 45 Campinha-Bacote, J. (2009). Culture and diversity issues. A culturally competent model of care for African Americans. Urologic Nursing, 29(1), 49-54. Gichia, J. E, (2000), Mothers and others: African-American women’s preparation for motherhood. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 25(2), 86-91, James, D. (2004). Factors influencing food choices, dietary intake, and nutrition-related attitudes among African Americans: application of a culturally sensitive model. Ethnicity & Health, 9(4), 349-367. Purnell, L. D. (2009). People of African American Heritage. Guide to culturally competent health care (2nd ed. , p. 21-35). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co. Revell, M. A. , & McGhee, M. N. (2012). Evolution of the African American Family. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 27(4), 44-48. Revell, M. A. (2012). Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the African American Culture. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 27(3), 55-59.